Ollie Burgoyne (1875-1974)

Ollie Burgoyne was born, Olive Martin on June 13th, 1875, in Chicago, Illinois to Melvina Alexander and Henry C. Martin. Her maternal grandparents, William (1826-1891) and Mary Alexander (April 1824-May 23, 1916) originated from a plantation in Lafayette County, Missouri near the city of Lexington. After marrying around 1840, the couple produced the children: Charlie, Melvina (August 1849-c. 1908) and Jennie L. Alexander (April 1857-December 1923). After William Alexander was sold down to New Orleans, Mary hired her son off to various landowners to raise money to relocate to Peoria. Eventually the family reunited after the Civil War and moved further north to Chicago.

Chicago (1875)

In 1869, after graduating from Wilberforce University, Melvina “Mattie” Alexander met and married Henry C. Martin (1834-Jul.21, 1903), a barber from New York and settled into an apartment next door to the Academy Music Theatre. The marriage produced two children, William C. Martin (October 1869-1959) and Olive “Ollie” Martin. The entire Alexander family relocated to Kansas City, Kansas in September 1871. Since Mr and Mrs Martin frequently relocated between Chicago, Topeka and Kansas City, William and Ollie were left in the care of their Aunt Jennie Edinboro (she had married William Edinboro in 1887) at 539 State Street. 

Kansas City (1880)

Ollie's career began around 1887, at age 12, possibly in local churches. By 1894, she had left home and relocated to Chicago to work as a singer in the local clubs. By April 1896, she was a member of Allen's Celebrated Jubilee Singers. That August, she adopted the stage name, Ollie Burgoyne and moved to New York City as a chorus girl with John Isham's Oriental America Company. The show toured the Eastern United States for eight months before sailing for England in April 1897, where it remained for a year. However, Ollie isn't mentioned as being a part of the British tour, deciding to remain with a second company that continued appearing in New York for another year. In 1898, she joined the cast of John Isham's Octoroon company, touring the East Coast for a year before then joining the Williams & Walker company by December 1898, appearing in the productions “The Talk of the Town” and “A Lucky Coon”. Late-1900, she was traveling with Dunbar & Cook's production, “Uncle Eph’s Christmas”.

Returning to New York by April 1901, Ollie noticed an advertisement posted in the New York Herald by German theatrical impresario Paula Kohn-Wöllner, seeking seven African-American women with the ability to sing and dance for a concert tour of Germany. The Seven Louisiana Amazon Guard company was composed of Fannie Wise, Florence Collins, Emma Harris, S. T. Jubrey, Alverta Burley and Burgoyne. The seventh member, Coretté Hardy, remained in New York as a reserve. 

Vienna (September 1901)

On April 10, the six women were brought to the Passport Office to apply for their first passports. After two weeks with Ms. Kohn-Wöllner paying for all six of the women's travel expenses, they boarded on the S.S. Deutschland, heading for Germany. By April 21, the troupe had arrived in Leipzig, Germany. Throughout June and July, the troupe made a series of successful performances at Kaiserkrone and Carlsbad's Hotel Weber in Kiel. In late August, the women intrigued Hungarian audiences at the Os-Budavara fortress. In September, the women fulfilled a month-long engagement at Vienna's Colosseum Theater. The following month was spent at Copenhagen's Cirkus Variete for the beginning of their brief Scandinavian tour.

Budapest (August 1901)

In November, the troupe spent two successful weeks at Goteborg's Circus Madigan and two more weeks at Stockholm's Svensalen Variety Restaurant. Between their performances, on November 11, Ms. Kohn-Wöllner conducted several interviews with the Svenska Dagbladet newspaper, frequently pushing forward Wise (dressed in a black and white dress). Ms. Kohn-Wöllner mentioned her plans to organize a band for the troupe, the contract she signed with the Folies-Bergere (for January 1902) and to bring over Hardy, who was still waiting in America. The troupe returned to Germany in December to entertain at Berlin's Circus Schumann where they ended the year, preparing for another year of extensive touring.

Germany (c. 1902)

The new year of 1902, the group opened in Magdeburg for a two-week engagement before moving on to France, where the women intended to perform at Paris' famous Folie-Bergere cabaret. Unfortunately, it doesn't seem as if that ever came into fruition and the troupe returned to Germany to appear in Braunswich's Bruning Theater and Halle's Walhalla Theater. The month of March was spent in Breslau's Liebich Etablissement, followed by performances at Danzig's Wilhelm Theater and Poznan's Kaisergarten in April. In May, the group disappears briefly from the limelight as Fannie Wise and S.T. Jubrey suddenly quit the group and returned home to the United States. During this time their replacements, standby performers, Coretté Hardy and Fannie Smith (20-year-old from Philadelphia) were promptly brought over to Europe. Throughout June, the troupe toured across Switzerland, performing in Zurich and St. Gallen before returning north to Germany. The month of July was spent at Munich's Deutsches Theater, followed by a month at Leipzig's Central Theater (September) and Dresden (October). 

On November 9th, 1902, after twenty-one months of touring across Europe, during their Dresden engagement, the entire troupe walked out on their German impresario. Kohn-Wöllner was taken to court and accused of exploiting them financially. Lead performer Ollie Burgoyne was elected as their new manager and, now as the "Five Louisianas", the women left for Berlin, where they entertained at the Orpheum Theater and Harmonie Circus. After a brief engagement in Trier and Aachen, the group suddenly disappeared. In March 1903, Ollie Burgoyne and Florence Collins renewed their American passports and departed for London to join the cast of Hurtig & Seamon's In Dahomey, which opened on May 16th at the Shaftesbury Theatre.

Ollie performed as a chorus girl with “In Dahomey” for the next ten months before sailing for Russia in March 1904, where she filed a passport in Saint Petersburg on March 14th. During the summer of 1904, the Harris Trio (remnants from the Louisiana Amazon Guard), together with Ollie Bourgoyne and Jennie Scheper (from the Florida Creole Girls) formed a new company known as the "Creole Troupe" and continued touring the principal Russian cities. On January 22, 1905, while attending a party, hosted by popular American jockey, William Caton, in central Saint-Petersburg, the women witnessed the Bloody Sunday riots outside the Tsar's palace and across the city. The trio immediately packed up and returned to Moscow, where they resumed working at the Aumont Theater. In February, while performing in the city of Vyatka, the troupe decided to dissolve. 

Helsinki (March 1905)

Now known as Olga Burgoyne, Ollie formed a duet known as the Sisters Burgoyne (Jennie Scheper possibly being the other member) and appeared at Helsinki's Societetshuset (March 1905) and Saint Petersburg's Krestovskiy Garden Theater (May-August 1905), although Ollie later claimed that her engagement at the Krestovskiy lasted two years. According to LeRoi Antoine's later biography on Laura Bowman, by September 1906, while Pete Hampton & Laura Bowman were appearing in Moscow, they were entertained by Ollie Burgoyne, her cousin Ida Forsyne and another African-American entertainer known as Irene Ford.

The following month, Hampton & Bowman took a vacation to Odessa, where they ran into Ollie Burgoyne again, who had joined her boyfriend, a Russian nobleman known as Sasha. Sasha was buying a set of horses for his wife and his Black mistress. A couple of weeks later, as the 1905 revolution intensified across the Russian Empire, Ollie and Ida Forsyne, with the help of friends at the American Embassy, escaped to London before returning to Saint Petersburg in the summer of 1907, moving into N°3 Moshkov Lane, according to the local address books. In September, she debuted at the Apollo Theater for a month before moving on to Finland, performing at Helsinki's Princess Restaurant (November) and Turku's Hotel Phoenix (December).

By early 1908, she had returned home to the Russian capital, settling into a new residence at N°4 Aleksandrovskaya. Ollie had become a popular exotic dancer in the Russian Empire known as, Граната (The Grenade) due to her firecracker personality. She began singing in German, French and Russian and performed the Maxixe, Ballet and Algerian Belly Dances onstage. Five months later, after a brief trip to England, on May 21, 1908, Ollie boarded the S.S. Celtic at Liverpool returning to America to visit relatives in Kansas City (possibly for her mother's funeral). The family still resided at 539 State Avenue and her brother William had become an editor with local African-American publication, The American Citizen. On July 2nd, Ollie performed onstage at the Sparks Theater, the proceeds going to a local orphanage. On September 24th, she gave a brief appearance at New York's Woods Palace before returning home to Russia, to appear that winter at Moscow's Scala Theater. 

12-b Bolshaya Ruzheynaya (c. 1915)

The year 1909, proved to be a very successful year for Ollie Burgoyne. She settled into a luxurious apartment at N°10 Bolshaya Ruzheynaya in the Petrogradsky District of Saint Petersburg. Two doors down, at N°12-b Bolshaya Ruzheynaya, she opened the Maison Créole: Lingerie Parisienne, an upscale lingerie boutique with 27 employees and showcased black mannequins in the windows. Together with her business partner, Mattie Vera Wilkes (a fellow chorus girl from Oriental America), the boutique ran for the next five years. When she wasn't running the boutique, she was appearing across the Russian Empire. In April, she appeared at Saint Petersburg's illustrious Kontan Restaurant, situated within the Hotel Rossia, located at 58 Moika River Embankment and famous for its exquisite cuisine and Romanian orchestras. The following month, she was dancing at Moscow's Aquarium Garden Theater. By July 2nd, she was back in Saint Petersburg, filing passport with the American Embassy. For next year, there's no records of her whereabouts.

 

Bucharest (March 1912)

On September 20th, 1910, she was in London visiting the home of Jennie Scheper and her new husband, Alphonso Haston. Four days later, she sailed on the SS Campania from Liverpool to New York, listing her destination as 20 West 136th Street. Although it's unknown how she spent her time during this trip to America, she reunited with her cousin, Ida Forsyne and Ida's husband Usher Henry Watts. Ollie and Usher decided to form a duet, known as the Duo Eclatants and returned together to Europe to embark on a 16-month tour. After a brief Russian tour, the couple appeared across Germany, Austria-Hungary, Romania, Turkey, Greece and Egypt. On May 7th, 1912, the couple sailed from Bremen aboard the SS Kronprinz Wilhelm back to New York, where they went their separate ways. Ollie returned home to Russia on June 15th.

In February 1913, Ollie was performing in Moscow, renewing her passport while there on the 26th. Two months later, for a few weeks in April, she appeared at Kiev's Villa Josef Cabaret. Returning to Moscow that summer, she appeared at the famous Hermitage Gardens, a popular recreation garden known for its attractions and live performances located in central Moscow on Karetny Ryad Street. That October, she headed west for Poland, performing at Warsaw's Oaza Kabarett for a few weeks.  By early 1914, her touring had taken Ollie across the border into Austria-Hungary, appearing in Budapest by March. She filed a passport from the American Consulate General on March 12th. By July, she was vacationing in the Austrian spa town of Marienbad when WWI broke out on July 28th. Ollie however did not receive the news until three days later. Traveling immediately to Vienna, she attempted to return home to Russia but was unable to. After several more attempts from Berlin, The Hague and London, she gave up and on October 20th, sailed from Liverpool aboard the SS Franconia back to America accompanied by Mattie Wilkes. Her luxurious Saint Petersburg apartment, filled with all her possessions, had been lost and her successful Maison Créole boutique at N°12-b Bolshaya Ruzheynaya had been sold and turned into an automobile dealership.

1915 Passport Photo

Unable to find work in America, and refusing to become a maid as her cousin, Ida Forsyne had become, Ollie sailed back across the Atlantic, settling in London, moving into an apartment on Southampton Row in early 1915. There she began entertaining the British elite with her exotic dances. Perhaps she hoped to wait out the war in England and return to Russia when the borders reopened. However by 1916, she had given up hope and sailed back permanently to the United States on March 18th aboard the SS Finland. After a brief stint at the Lincoln Theatre, she joined the cast of “Way Down on the Suwanee River”, appearing with them throughout the summer, leaving briefly to return to Kansas City for the funeral of her grandmother Jennie Edinboro. After moving back into her childhood home of 539 State Avenue, with her brother and aunt, Ollie began spending long months on the road with various vaudeville productions such as: Over The Top (1918), They're Off (1919), Town Top Piks (1920), Lost In Hawaii (1921), Ollie Burgoyne Company (1922) and Follow Me (1923-24). She was frequently billed as Olga Burgoyne: the Algerian Girl, and told stories to reporters that she was of Russian and Algerian heritage.

In September 1924, while appearing in Pittsburgh, Ollie eloped with 41-year old Ward Lionel Calloway, proprietor of the Ward Calloway Hotel. Ollie moved into his home at 2341 Wylie Avenue and abandoned the Follow Me company. However after a brief romance, she was back on the road the following year with the Darktown Strutters company alongside Ida Forsyne. In 1927, after appearing for a year on Broadway in the production of “Lulu Belle”, she once again traveled the United States with the Miss Bandanna company before settling back in New York in 1928, appearing on Broadway in several productions such as “The Lady Lies” opening November 26th at the Little Theatre, “Solitaire” on March 12th, 1929 at the Waldorf Theatre, “Tired Man Business”, opening June 3rd at the Waldorf Theatre and “Make Me Know It” opening November 4th at Wallack's Theatre. During this time she married Louisiana musician, Davidson Claudfield Nelson (Jul.25, 1903-Apr.7, 1946). The couple settled at 166 West 128th Street with her brother William and the mother of her ex-husband, Ward Calloway. This second marriage was also brief. 

Scene from "Laughter" (1930)

In 1930, she appeared in the comedy film produced by director Harry d'Abbadie d'Arrast, Laughter. Filmed in Astoria, Queens at Paramount Studios, Ollie appeared as Pearl, The maid to actress Nancy Carroll's character, Peggy Gibson. In 1937, she also briefly appeared in the 1937 film, “The Timid Ghost”, directed by William Watson.

In March 1931, she appeared in Yonkers as a member of the Bronze Ballet Plastique. The group rebranded and returned to New York City as the Negro Art Theater Dance Group, appearing throughout the summer, although it didn't receive much recognition. By the fall of 1931, Ollie had retired as a dancer at age 56, focusing on her career as an actress. From 1931-1942, she appeared in numerous stage productions, such as “Run Lil Chillun, Run!” which opened at New York's Lyric Theatre on March 1st, 1933 and ran for three and a half months. She was also hired as a choreographer, teaching Russian dances to American entertainers. 

Colonial House Restaurant

By May 1943, at age 67, she retired from the stage altogether, working at the 34th Street Subway Station exchange booth. A few months later, she traveled to California, visiting a friend in Oxnard. During her visit, she accepted what was supposed to be a short term gig as a hat-check girl at the Colonial House Restaurant, the most popular spot in Ventura County frequented by Hollywood stars. Instead, this visit turned into a permanent residency. For the next 22 years, she checked coats, waited tables and occasionally performed onstage at the Colonial House. In-between songs, she frequently recounted stories of her time in Europe to diners. Suffering from a heart condition, she retired in 1965.

On April 2nd, 1974, Ollie Burgoyne passed away in Oxnard. Four days later, after a service at Payton’s Mortuary Chapel, she was buried at Ivy Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery. 

Nina Mae McKinney (1912-1967)

 Nina Mae McKinney: The Black Garbo

Nannie Mayme McKinney was born June 12th, 1912 in Lancaster, South Carolina to Georgia Crawford and Hal Napoleon McKinney.

Nannie Mayme's birthplace

Shortly after her birth, her mother, separated from her abusive, alcoholic husband and often would hide in the house of Colonel Leroy Springs (of Springs Industries), whom she worked for as a domestic. 

By 1920, Georgia relocated to Savannah, Georgia, working as a cook for Mrs. Cynthia Withers, her daughter Irene and the rest of the white lodgers. Nannie Mayme remained in Lancaster's Gills Creek neighborhood at her 70-year old paternal grandmother, Mary A. McKinney's home on Gay Street. Her father, Hal supported the family as a delivery man for local drugstore. Later that year, Nannie's mother migrated north to New York, Georgia McKinney, while still in Savannah, remarried to James Edwin Maynor and the couple migrated north to New York. eight-year old Nannie followed them shortly afterwards. However, Nannie's trip north was short lived, and she was sent back down south to stay with her Uncle Curtis and his family in Gills Creek as her father had landed in prison. In 1923, her alcoholic father, serving a prison sentence, escaped from his chain gang, never to be seen in South Carolina again. 

From 1920-1922, Nannie was shifted from relative to relative. After the death of her grandmother, Nannie Mayme was sent to the home of her Great- Aunt Carrie Sanders, who also worked as a maid and a cook for Colonel and Mrs. Leroy Springs, and lived in a small dwelling at the rear of their home.

In 1923, Nannie was sent to live with Col. Springs as a live-in domestic. Her duties were to deliver and collect parcels from the local post office. To entertain herself as she made the trips, she did stunts on her bicycle. She also began performing in small school productions at the Lancaster Training School.

14-year old Nannie Mayme (1926)

Around 1925, 13-year old Nannie Mayme relocated back to Manhattan to stay with her mother and step-father. By the summer of 1927, having decided to give up school completely, Nannie began dancing and singing around Harlem speakeasies. She eventually became close with Bessie Smith's pianist, Porter Grainger, who wrote for Nannie, two rather mature songs for a teenage girl, "Dyin' Crap Shooter's Blues" and "The Band'll Play (Who'd A-Thought It?)". Nannie recorded the two songs at Brunswick Studios at 799 7th Avenue on June 24th. Unfortunately, the songs were only used as tests and never released. 

Ten months later, on April 20th, 1928, a determined Nannie, accompanied by pianist J. C. Johnson, Nannie recorded two Blues numbers with Gennett Records, "Do What You Did Last Night" and "There's Been Some Changes Made". Most likely because of her contract with Brunswick, she recorded under the name, Alice Clinton. 

Blackbirds of 1928 Program

Since January 4th, 1928, Lew Leslie's "Blackbirds Revue" had playing at the Les Ambassadeurs Club. However, by May 9th, the show was renamed "Blackbirds of 1928" and moved over to the Liberty Theatre, where it ran for a successful 518 performances. Nannie probably didn't join the revue until after her 16th birthday, and probably was brought in as last minute replacement for another chorus girl. 

Nannie was now apart of the Blackbirds Beauty Chorus Girls, as Nina Mae McKinney. 

Hallelujah cast members in Memphis (1928)

Early October 1928, during Blackbird's last weeks at the Liberty Theatre, director, King Vidor had arrived in New York searching for actors for his upcoming all-Black soundie, "Hallelujah!". Actor Daniel L. Haynes and dancer, Honey Brown from Club Highland were to be stars of the film. Throughout October, during the film casting in Harlem, Nina made it a daily task to walk back and forth in front of the building in order to catch the attentions of King Vidor. In no time, she landed a minor role in the film.

On October 15th, "Blackbirds" moved over to the Eltinge Theatre for two weeks. Afterwards, the show packed up and moved to Boston for 21 days, however Nina never followed the show to Boston. Instead, along with her mother, she boarded a train west to Memphis, joining the cast of Hallelujah to begin filming. After two weeks spent filming exterior shots in Tennessee and Arkansas, on November 17th, the cast arrived in Culver City, California, to begin filming interior shots at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios.

On December 5th, after Honey Brown was injured, it was announced the Nina was to replace her as the new star of the film. During the filming, Nina paired with 39-year old Daniel Haynes ad together they performed in local establishments such as the Mayfair Club and Hotel Somerville. Around this time, Nina returned to the recording studio to record two numbers from the film, "Swanee Shuffle" and "If You Want My Love, You Gotta Do More Than That". Unfortunately, the second was cut from the film and never released. 

On March 20th, 1929 Nina, Daniel Haynes and Victoria Spivey appeared on Radio-KHJ at 9pm. Nina performed numbers from Blackbirds, "I Must Have That Man" and "Diga Diga Doo". 

On May 20th, 1929, it was announced the 17-year old Nina Mae was engaged to James Marshall, director of Harlem's Lafayette Theatre. This event coincided with Nina signing a five-year contract with MGM, making her the first African-American major Hollywood film star.

Nina returned to New York early-May to spend time with her parents and new fiancé. During this time, she also working as a domestic for Col. Leroy Springs, who also had a residence in New York, caring for his ailing wife. Nina remained in New York to appear at the Embassy Theatre on August 20th for the premiere of "Hallelujah!", which was an immense success and secured Nina place as America's latest star. The following day, it was also quietly announced that Nina had wed James Marshall. However there was no more mention of the shortly lived marriage and Nina returned to California in September, moving into the Hotel Dunbar and travelling daily to Culver City to film, "The Bugle Sounds", "Manhattan Serenade" and "They Learned About Women". In between filming, she performed at the Club Apex and Club Montmartre and carried on affairs with actress, Pepi Lederer and Jagatjit Singh, Maharajah of Kapurthala. Nina also returned briefly to South Carolina to attend her Great-Aunt Carrie Saunders' funeral. 

On December 30th, 1929, the cabaret revue "Harlem Scandals" opened at the Lincoln Theatre, with Nina as the star, performing her signature number at the time, "I Must Have That Man" (from Blackbirds). She was replaced by Carolynn Snowden after a week.

"They Learned About Women" (1930)

By late-January 1930, Nina had grown tired of MGM. She had already begun failing to show up for promotional appearances, especially if her name wasn't in lights above the marquee. 

That spring, her new manager, Al Munro, sports writer of the Chicago Whip, arranged a tour of the Mid-West for Nina. She was to appear in Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, Kansas City, Cleveland and Pittsburgh. In late-March, she left for Chicago to appear in a vaudeville show, "Circus" at the 35th Regiment Armory. The following month, she moved on to the Metropolitan Theatre for two weeks. During this engagement, on April 9th, Nina appeared on two  of Reverend A. W. Nix's Black Diamond Train to Hell sermons (Part 5 and 6), which was recorded at the Brunswick Recording Library. Horrible reviews followed Nina, who declared her a money-hungry, star struck girl who had grown to despise her own race. 

Returning to Los Angeles on June 4th, Nina and her mother moved back into the Dunbar Hotel, where throughout the summer, Nina performed at series of private parties and mingled with Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington. Also during this time, she married 23-year old NBA Middleweight boxer named, William "Gorilla" Landon Jones, who bought Nina a $6,000 Lincoln Convertible Coupe as wedding present. This marriage was short-lived.

From September to November 1930, there's no account of Nina Mae McKinney, even her mother roamed around Los Angeles searching for her daughter. Nina surfaced in Crown Point, Indiana on October 23rd, to marry Douglas S. Daniels, another short-lived marriage that ended on November 20th.

Nina in front of the Theatre Les Miracles (December 1930)

On December 5th, Nina boarded the SS Bremen, sailing from New York to Cherbourg, France. After eight days at sea, while disembarking from the ship, Nina had a sudden spell of sea-sickness and in the excitement dropped her purse containing $200 was lost in the sea. Her new manager, William Morris Jr. failed to meet her at the port, but luckily a French gentleman paid her train fare and escorted her to Paris. For the next four months, Nina and the cast of Hallelujah embarked on a European tour to promote their successful film. On December 13th, a stage revue "Allelujah!" opened at the Theatre Les Miracles, where it remained for the next three weeks with immense success. After performing all afternoon at the Theatre Les Miracles, she spent evenings singing at the Monseigneur Club on 94, rue d'Amsterdam.

Attending a "Presseball" in Berlin (Feb.2, 1931)

The first two weeks of January 1931, the revue appeared in Cannes and Monte Carlo. On January 16th, the revue opened at Berlin's Kabarett Der Komiker, where it appeared until later February. On February 23rd, the arrived in Belgrade for a weeks appearance at the Corso Theatre. The Hallelujah revue returned to France, early March, where it remained until March 11th, when the troupe boarded the SS Lafayette back to the United States. 

Throughout the spring of 1931, she performed in theatres around Harlem, Astoria and Brooklyn. By May, she was broadcasting from Connie's Inn. In June 1931, she returned to Los Angeles, moving back into the Hotel Dunbar and began filming for the next four months, "Safe In Hell" in the role of the hostel-owner, Leonie.

That fall, Nina returned to New York to appear in a stage play, "Prancing Nigger". However due to the mass disapproval of the African-American community, she turned down the role and the play never materialized. On November 25th, she escaped to Portsmouth, Virginia with her latest lover, 24-year old musician, James Norman Monroe, and got married. This would become her fourth husband. Like her previous husbands, many considered Jimmy Monroe to be an extremely bad influence on Nina, even going as far as introducing the young star to drugs (possibly opium and heroin).

Scene from "Pie, Pie Blackbird"

Nina opened 1932 has the headliner of the "Dear Old Southland" revue, which ran for a week at the Lafayette Theatre starting January 16th. 

The following month, she and Jimmy Monroe left for a tour of the East Coast and Mid-West, appearing in New Jersey, Ohio and Washington DC for the next five months. In-between touring, Nina found the time to film two short soundies with Vitaphone, "Pie, Pie Blackbird" (with the Nicholas Brothers and Noble Sissle's Orchestra) and "Passing The Buck". 

Ballyhoo of 1932

Returning to New York in July, Nina went straight into rehearsals for Max Rudnick's latest production, "Folies Bergere" at the Liberty Theatre. After a brief run in Brooklyn, the revue opened early September at the Sam H. Harris Theatre.

Shortly afterwards, Nina moved over to the 44th Street Theatre, where she appeared in the Broadway production of, "Ballyhoo of 1932", performing "Love, Nuts and Noodles". Opening September 6th, Nina remained with the revue for the next three months. Beginning October 4th, she also began doubling at the brand new Hollywood Restaurant, headlining in a floorshow revue, "Hollywood Revels of 1933". 

After performing for an evening at the Harlem Opera House, on November 28th, Mr. and Mrs. Monroe and the pianist, Garland Wilson sailed to Europe arriving on the French coast early December. On December 8th, Nina opened in Paris at Chez Florence, where she played throughout the month. Afterhours, she doubled at the La Habanera Cabaret. Also at some point during this engagement, Nina found the time to record two songs, "Minnie The Moocher's Wedding Day" and "Rhapsody In Love" with French Brunswick Records.

In January 1933, Nina returned to the Theatre Les Miracles to broadcast on Radio-Poste Parisien before departing for a nightclub engagement in Cannes.

The following month, she flew north to London for a four-month's engagement in the revue, "Chocolate & Cream" at the Leicester Square Theatre, which opened February 13th. Nina was an immense success amongst the British public. A week after the opening, on February 17th, she participated on John Logie Baird's experimental television at the London Broadcasting House, performing a song-and-dance routine from her revue at the Leicester, making her the first Black woman to ever appear on television. By March 7th, Nina was also doubling at London's famous Ciro's Restaurant.

London - Garland Wilson & Nina (Apr.27, 1933)

While still going strong at Leicester Square, on April 4th, Nina began appearing over at the Trocadero Cabaret as the star of Charles Cochran's latest revue, "Revels In Rhythm". Cochran also brought in a film crew to film the cabaret spectacle, to be shown in newsreels across Britain.

Soon however, the director/impresario found his popular headliner becoming extremely moody and temperamental. Nina began failing to show up at the cabaret and even randomly demanding large sums of money. She had grown extremely dependent on drugs and alcohol to cope with her extremely grueling work schedule and with Jimmy Monroe's affairs with his new English mistress. It's even evident in the filmed version of "Revels In Rhythm" that she is unwell when breaks into a coughing fit in the middle of her dance routine. During the summer of 1933, Nina began appearing frequently on BBC Radio and making appearances at Holburn Empire, Hackney Empire and Shepherd's Bush Theatre.

After "Chocolate & Cream" closed late-June, Nina and Garland departed for a three-month provincial tour. On July 25th, Nina was briefly hospitalized with the mumps. Two months later, on September 26th, five minutes before her appearance at Cardiff's New Theatre, Nina collapsed in her dressing room. Carried to her car by her manager, Stanley C. Mills, she was taken to the Royal Infirmary, where it was declared to the press that the American star was suffering from dysentery. Most likely, she may have been suffering from withdrawals from her growing drug addiction.

On November 21st, Nina arrived at Croydon Airport for a flight back to Paris, to care for her ailing husband, who was recuperating from an unknown illness at their Parisian apartment. Eight days later, on November 30th, Nina began a month's engagement at Chez Florence.

In January 1934, Garland Wilson and Nina departed for a tour of the Cote d'Azur, beginning in the city of Nice. This marked the beginning of a successful five month European tour. The following month, the duo enjoyed a success filled month in Prague. On March 2nd, Nina arrived in Budapest, appearing at the Parisian Grill-Bar for another month. In the first week of April, Nina arrived in Athens, Greece to open on the 7th at the Femina Cinema, where she was billed as the Black Garbo (prior to this, she had been referred to only as the Black Clara Bow). As Greek engagement ended around May 6th, Nina, who was preparing to sail for Egypt, received a telegram that her mother was unwell back in America. The Egyptian engagement was likely cancelled and Nina flew back home to London.

Scene from Kentucky Minstrels (1934)

For some strange reason, Nina never returned to America to check upon her mother. Instead, on July 15th, she opened at London's Alhambra Theatre, where she remained for the next two weeks. In the meantime, she also appeared in "Kentucky Minstrels", her first British film, alongside Scott & Whaley and Debroy Somer's Orchestra. This was followed by her appearance on a popular radio show called, Music Hall, where she sang, Dinah.

In-between filming, Bosambo (1934)

During the summer of 1934, alongside Paul Robeson, Nina began filming, Zoltan Korda's "Bosambo" (later known as Sanders of the River) at the Korda Brother's film studios in Denham. During the filming, she carried on an brief affair with Robeson to cope with her adulterous husband. 

Nina resumed working at the Alhambra in October. During this time, her usual moody attitude returned. After being invited to a private reception, hosted by the royal family, Nina arrived extremely late and stayed barely fifteen minutes before departing. She moved over to the Chiswick Empire the following month. During this time, she and Robeson were in rehearsals to appear in a stage production, "Stevedore", which never seems to have opened. In the meantime, Nina's affair with Robeson had ended and she had turned her attentions to Ananias Berry, husband to Valaida Snow, who was visiting England with "Blackbirds of 1934".

After two successful years abroad, on December 18th, Nina returned to America aboard the SS Ile de France, arriving on Christmas Day.

Scene from Reckless (1935)

Shortly after arriving back in the States, Nina and Jimmy Monroe flew to Los Angeles, moving into the Clark Hotel. Although her contract with MGM had expired in 1933, Nina returned to Hollywood in January 1935 to appear in her final film with them, "Reckless", alongside Jean Harlow. She even managed to get Jimmy Monroe a small part in the film. The couple returned to New York in late-March, shortly after filming ended, for the premiere of Sanders of the River on April 4th. Nina announced that she'd never film in Hollywood again, nor would she ever accept maid roles.

On May 26th, Nina opened at Harlem's Lafayette Theatre as the star of Somerset Maugham's "Rain", a stage play set on a Pacific island: a missionary's determination to reform a prostitute leads to tragedy. In late-June, Nina began rehearsals for a new floorshow at the famous Cotton Club, where she remained for the next seven months.

On July 5th, for a week, she appeared for a week at the Apollo Theatre, alongside Gladys Bentley, Earl Tucker and Erskine Hawkins Orchestra. Nina finally opened at the Cotton Club on July 18th, for the 26th edition "Cotton Club Parade of 1936" alongside Butterbeans & Susie, Miller & Mantan and the Claude Hopkins Orchestra. In-between performing at the Cotton Club, she also found the time to appear in the short film, "The Black Network" once again alongside the Nicholas Brothers.

Scene from The Black Network (1936)

In February 1936, Nina left New York for a brief tour of Texas with the Blue Rhythm Show.

Returning to Harlem the following month, after a brief hospitalization, Nina sailed back to Europe aboard the SS Caledonia, arriving just in time open at Glasgow's Royal Theatre on March 30th. Instead of Garland Wilson, she was now accompanied by the pianist team, Rudy Smith & Kirby Walker. For the next ten months, she busied herself with a hectic British tour, doing four shows a day. That summer, she was set to appear once again alongside Paul Robeson in his latest film, "Song Of Freedom". However, due to her temperamental behavior, she was promptly replaced by Elisabeth Welsh. In October 1936, Nina and Jimmy Monroe began contemplating on filing for British citizenship, at the same time, the couple were preparing to adopt a young Afro-British girl, whom Nina had named, Brenda Mae. 

The bliss of finally having a family of her own in her new adopted country ended in early-November, when while performing at Dublin's Royal Theatre, she collapsed onstage. After convalescing for a few days at the Duchess Nursing Home, Nina returned home to discover Jimmy Monroe had fled to Paris with his English girlfriend. He had drained $10,000 from their bank account and opened a nightclub, Au Harlem Cabaret on 58, rue de Notre Dame de Lorette with Freddy Taylor's Orchestra. 

After completing her British tour, Nina returned to London on February 16th to open at the Paramount Theatre. Upon returning from her tour, she had replaced Rudy Smith with the Jamaican pianist, Yorke de Souza. Around this time, she announced her engagement with Jackie Evans (member of the Four Bobs) and began preparations for her latest film, "Unannounced", created especially for her by independent producer, William Newman. Filming never began, nor did her wedding with Jackie Evans.

Rehearsals for "Dark Laughter" (June 1937)

On February 27th, she appeared at Alexandria Palace alongside Afro-American dancer, Johnny Nit, in the televised revue, "Ebony", where she performed the Blues number, "Poppa Tree Top Tall". Over the next three months, she returned on the road for another hectic British tour. By May, she announced her plans to depart for a brief South American tour, which never materialized. On June 5th, Nina and her troupe returned to Alexandria Palace to appear on the televised revue, "Dark Laughter", where she appeared alongside Jamaican trumpeter, Leslie Thompson. 

Having burned bridges with nearly every British theatrical agent and exhausted by non-stop tours across Britain, on July 23rd, Nina and her troupe boarded the SS Mooltan to Australia with a six-month contract. After a month at sea, and passing through Morocco, Egypt, India and Ceylon, Nina finally disembarked at Fremantle on August 24th. From there she traveled to Melbourne, where she opened on September 7th at the Tivoli Theatre in her latest revue, "Hello Harlem!". After a successful month onstage and a brief radio appearance, the revue departed for Sydney's Tivoli Theatre, opening on October 14th for another month. As usual, on November 3rd, Nina collapsed onstage and she recovered at St. Luke's Hospital and her residence at the King's Lynn Apartments. On November 29th, her New Zealand appearance at Auckland's Her Majesty's Theatre was cancelled.

For the next three months, Nina lived quietly in Sydney at her new residence at the Mount Stewart Flats with an Australian woman whom she had been carrying on an affair with. The only media coverage, was a small debt she had to settle with the owner of the King's Lynn Apartments.

On February 17th, 1938, Nina boarded the SS Niagara back to the United States with a contract to appear in Ralph Cooper's latest film, "The Duke Is Tops". However, by the time she arrived on March 12th, filming had already begun and Nina was replaced by the young Lena Horne. She was still asked to appear in Los Angeles on April 1st, to sign with Million Dollar Productions. Afterwards, while finalizing her divorce from Jimmy Monroe (who was still in Paris with a new nightclub), Nina vacationed for the next six months with her parents in Harlem. 

On September 3rd, Nina arrived in Los Angeles to begin filming, "Gang Smashers". Once filming was complete, early-October, she traveled south to Ensenada, Mexico with fellow actor Joel Fluellen, where the two hastily married. However, within weeks, Joel quickly denied any knowledge of the marriage, declaring it was simply publicity for the upcoming film.  Nina promptly left for a engagements in Chicago and Pittsburgh before returning to her Seventh Avenue apartment in Harlem.

On February 23rd, Nina returned to the Apollo Theatre, once again appearing in a production of Somerset Maugham's "Rain" with Tiny Bradshaw's Orchestra. The following month, she left for D.C.'s Howard Theatre. In the spring, she returned to Los Angeles to film, "Straight To Heaven", another Million Dollar Productions picture. From August 17th until the 29th, Nina and other actors employed by Million Dollar Productions travelled to Jamaica to film "Pocomania" (later The Devil's Daughter). While sailing back to the United States, World War II broke out. If Nina had any plans of returning to Europe, those plans were immediately squashed.

On September 19th, in Newark, Nina married 20-year old Apollo Theatre errand boy, Robert "Charleston" Montgomery (making him husband number six), seemingly following the same formula of marrying younger husbands like Valaida Snow. After the wedding, Nina signed a two-year contract with the William Morris Agency and went back on the road. The marriage was already announced to have fell apart by November.

In November 1939, Nina took over Pancho Digg's 13-piece orchestra and left for a two month tour of the South and Mid-West. Beginning on December 28th, Nina Mae McKinney and her orchestra traversed across South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana in a series of one-nighters. One incident on January 7th, 1940, while travelling from Jacksonville (Jimmy Monroe's hometown) to New Orleans, Nina was attacked by white shop owner. Abandoning the orchestra at the end of January, Nina returned north in March to fulfill an engagements in Massachusetts, Indiana and New York with Tommy Tucker's Orchestra. That summer she was back in Harlem organizing for a new orchestra, which never materialized.

Instead, on October 14th, Nina opened at the West End Theatre in her latest revue, "The Queen of Harlem" with Edgar Hayes Orchestra and 36 chorus girls. The revue ran for a week before closing.

On January 20th, 1941, Irvin C. Miller's "Tan Manhattan" opened for two weeks at Washington D.C.'s Howard Theatre, featuring Nina as one of its headliners. The revue was supposed to go to Broadway the following month at the Shubert Theatre, but, apparently racial barriers are still high and strongly held; they won’t allow African Americans to attest their contribution to the USA. The revue moved over to Harlem's Apollo. Success is enormous, and in order to give 4 performances per day, the show is reduced to 90 minutes instead of the original 2 hours and 30 minutes. Critics were still concerned, saying that even as it assembles so many talents, the show lacks vigor, story and scenario. 

For the last week of February, Nina remained at the Apollo in the next revue, "Up Harlem Way" which also featured 25-year old singer, Billie Holiday, who was Jimmy Monroe's latest girlfriend. Nina made it a frequent habit of hers to terrorize Billie's mother, Sadie Fagan on the phone. Jimmy hastily scared Nina out of town, who went on tour that summer of the Mid-West with the "Tan Town Topics" revue. 

That fall, as Jimmy and Billie married and relocated to California, Nina returned to the East Coast to join the cast of, "The Good Neighbor", a play that toured Connecticut, Maryland and New York. In the meantime, she had quietly become engaged to a slick, ladies-man named Melvin Woolfork.

The years 1942-1944 were extremely slow for the former, Black Garbo. She was finally in her decline. Most of that year was spent in small nightclubs around Harlem, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Montreal and Baltimore. At some point during this period, she finally married her 7th husband, Melvin Woolfork.

A destitute and desperate, Nina returned to Hollywood in July 1944 with a minor role in Rex Ingram's "Dark Waters". That fall, she was also cast to appear in "The Power of the Whistler" and "Together Again".

By 1945, she found employment entertaining in nightclubs around San Francisco, Oakland and Los Angeles.

In the spring of 1946, Nina left with Saunders King's Orchestra and the "Hollywood Cavalcade Revue" for tour of the South before she left for a solo engagement at Washington D.C.'s Club Bali.

From 1947 to 1948, Nina disappears again for over two years. There's no mention of her whereabouts except for her appearance in the film, "Danger Street".

On January 23rd, 1949, Nina was back in New York performing at the Audubon Theatre. Two months later, on March 8th, shortly after having been casted in the film, "Pinky", Nina's step-father, James Maynor passed away.

On March 22nd, Nina arrived in Los Angeles, promptly moving into the Watkins Hotel. A few days later, Nina gave an interview with various newspapers, discussing her plans to return to France once filming was over. For the remainder of March, Nina filmed her few scenes in Pinky, before returning to New York to visit her mother.

On April 17th, Nina returned to Hollywood with her new husband, Frank B. Mickey (musician and engineer) and a role in her final film, "Copper Canyon". The couple remained in California, residing at 122 1-2 West 53rd Street until mid-May, when they returned to New York.

On September 5th, Nina was in Indianapolis in the "Stars On Parade" revue at the Walker Casino alongside, Duke Ellington, Louis Jordan, Lena Horne, Louis Armstrong and her former rival, Billie Holiday. A few weeks later, as Pinky was being released, Nina sued Ebony Magazine for $70,000 before retiring from the stage altogether and living quietly in her Harlem apartment.

In the summer of 1950, Nina announced that she was expecting her first baby. However, no baby ever arrived.

On April 4th, 1951, Nina and Frank Mickey finally received a marriage license. Most likely, the couple weren't legally married until 1951, as she was probably still married to Woolfork.

Five months later, on August 8th,Nina revived the stage production of, "Rain" for a week at the Apollo Theatre. The show then spent two weeks on the road in Brooklyn and Washington DC. The producers hoped that the show would take an extended tour across the United States, but instead the show closed at the end of August and Nina returned to semi-retirement in Harlem.

HUE Magazine (February 1953)

In February 1953, Nina decided to a make a comeback, spending over $1, 000 on new gowns for Manhattan Paul's revue at Small's Paradise. Her latest accompanist was former guitarist for Count Basie, Jimmy McLin. Two months later, the duo traveled down to Delair, New Jersey for an engagement at the New Town Tavern.

That winter, Nina reunited with her former husband, Melvin Woolfork, who had recently opened a Las Vegas nightclub called, Mel's Inn. Together the couple flew to London, where Nina began preparing for her return to Europe. Back in Los Angeles by Christmas week of 1953, Nina was seen in and out of various agencies searching for film and television work.

By February of 1954, no longer accompanied by McLin, Nina had learned to perform the guitar herself and was preparing leave the United States again for a USO tour of Japan.

Afterwards, from 1954-1959, Nina disappears from the America completely. Her husband, was noted in American newspapers, as making frequent trips to Monaco and the Far East (possibly to visit Nina, who was rumored to have resettled in Greece). She isn't mentioned again until July 1960, after she checked into a Harlem hospital for some unknown ailment.

She disappears again until her sudden death on May 3rd, 1967 of a heart attack at the age of 54 at the Metropolitan Hospital in Manhattan.